What You Need to Know About FIV+ Cats

The Story of Two Furry Friends Living with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Muppet and Polo enjoying their sunny window perch

One bitter Wisconsin winter, a tabby cat with a painful abscess on his paw was taken to Almost Home Cat Rescue MKE where the volunteers named him Polo. Once safe at Almost Home, Polo was given loads of TLC and a fantastic foster home to stay in. His paw was able to heal up nicely and soon enough, this playful cat was back to pouncing like a pro. On top of that, Polo had won the hearts of everyone he met, each of them captivated with his positive and outgoing attitude! However, it wasn’t all smooth sailing for Polo upon entering the indoor cat life. 

It was also during this time that Polo tested positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), the feline equivalent of HIV. There is no cure for this virus which attacks its host’s immune system, leaving them more susceptible to other diseases. Though the diagnosis was scary, those around Polo assured him that cats with FIV can lead long and happy lives. Precautionary measures would be in place to help him stay healthy and safe. What’s more, there were others like him, living proof that an FIV diagnosis is absolutely not the end!    

As a former barn kitty, Muppet had to put up a hard exterior to protect himself. This fluffy orange cat came to the same foster home as Polo and was given the same diagnosis, FIV+, which puts cats at greater risk of sickness and stigmatization. Although a bit shy, Muppet quickly befriended Polo and the two became lifelong cuddle buddies, keeping each other feeling warm and supported during rain or shine.

Polo’s life had taken many turns recently, but now he had Muppet and Almost Home MKE on his side! Although cats with FIV often face challenges with potential adopters, these two were given the chance to let their personalities shine and were eventually adopted together. Muppet and Polo found their true family, one who showers them with love and all the care they need to live happily. Taking a chance on a FIV+ cat can be fantastically rewarding, especially when you have two as sweet as Muppet and Polo. 

There are those who have a negative image of FIV+ cats, believing them to be sickly and unadoptable. Then there are others who are simply unaware of the condition and hesitate to adopt a FIV+ cat without truly understanding the diagnosis. The stigma surrounding FIV is beginning to change as resources become available and more people understand these cats can be affectionate, loyal, and healthy companions who deserve the same love and respect as any other pet.  

To understand the feline immunodeficiency virus, there are a few basic aspects that cat parents and lovers need to know: what exactly is FIV, how do cats get it, and what should we do about it? Keep reading and visit our fact sheet about FIV for all the answers.

What is FIV?

It is a virus that uses reverse transcription to copy its genetic material into the host’s DNA. It is similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in that it slowly weakens the immune system, making the cat more vulnerable to infection. Although feline immunodeficiency virus is related to HIV, it does not affect humans. 

How do cats get it?

The virus is often transmitted between cats through contact with infected saliva, usually through bite wounds. FIV can also be transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids that cats come in contact with.

Because kittens can contract the virus from their mothers, it’s important to test them more than once as they’re growing up. This is also a critical way to clarify any false positives that may arise. Sometimes, kittens will test positive due to the presence of antibodies that have been passed along by their mother. The presence of these antibodies does not necessarily equal infection, so vets will need to administer multiple tests a couple months apart in order to make an accurate diagnosis in kittens.   

What are the symptoms?

Persistent fever, lethargy, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and gingivitis are the most common symptoms of FIV. Severe cases of the virus can lead to anemia, eye inflammation, and joint inflammation. Knowledge of these signs and symptoms helps us become aware of the virus’ presence, leading to quicker diagnosis and treatment.  

Can FIV+ cats live happy lives? 

Just like cats without FIV, cats that have been diagnosed with feline immunodeficiency virus can live long and healthy lives. Regular trips to the vet to screen for secondary infections, as well as bloodwork to check for problems such as anemia, are important. Here they can also receive medication to help reduce the symptoms caused by the virus. Studies have shown that when cats are diagnosed with FIV early and receive proper care, they can live an average of 10 years or longer.

Should FIV+ cats be outdoors?

Keep FIV+ cats indoors as much as possible to reduce the risk of contact with potential viral carriers such as other cats.

How can I manage FIV?

While there is no cure, there are ways to help manage FIV and make sure your cat is healthy and comfortable. These include providing a nutritious diet, proper hygiene and parasite control, regular veterinary check-ups, and a stress-free environment.

An appropriate diet that is rich in antioxidants, proteins, and vitamins helps boost the immune system and keep cats full of energy. Adding supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids or vitamin E may help too, but it's important to speak with your vet before making any changes to your cat's diet. 

For FIV+ cats, it is recommended to avoid raw food diets or foods high in sugar content. In addition, regular exercise helps cats stay fit and active, making it easier for them to beat FIV and live longer, healthier lives.

Should I get an FIV+ cat? 

If you’re ready to take home a new pet, please consider adopting an FIV+ cat if you have the resources to care for them. Doing so means providing a loving home to a cat that may otherwise be overlooked in a shelter. 

Only you can decide who is the right pet for you, but keep in mind that FIV+ cats can be just as happy and healthy as non-FIV cats when they receive the right care. Cats with FIV can even live happily amongst non-FIV cats, provided they are properly introduced. If you cannot adopt an FIV+ cat, please try to educate others so that we can diminish the misunderstanding and stigma that challenges these beautiful animals so they can all find loving homes!